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Busko-Zdrój is a town in Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It is the capital of Busko County. Population is 17,363 (2004).
Origins of Busko go back to the 12 century when a settlement of shepherds arose around the St Leonard's church. In 1185 the owner of Busko and its surroundings, knight Dersław brought to the land Norbertine nuns.
He then left them all his property in his will. Since 1241 for a few hundred years Busko was owned by the convent. In 1251 it received from king Bolesław Wstydliwy a revenue privilege allowing the convent, e.g. to use saline waters. It was the first record concerning using the mineral waters of Busko.
In 1287 Busko was granted the civic rights by prince Leszek Czarny (the Black). The advantageous location of the town at the meeting point of trade routes made king Władysław Jagiełło grant local burghers a privilege of a weekly market and two fairs a year in 1412. The 15th and 16th centuries were its heyday of the town. It was famous then of trade and cloth production.
The first document which is telling us about brines in Busko is privilege of Bolesław Wstydliwy from 1252 . Jan Winterfeld made for the very first time a researches about using health waters to treat people for illnes, in 1808. When Feliks Rzewuski got Busko in lease in 1820, he built Amenities , which were designed by Henryk Marconi. Opening ceremony of health spa took place in 1836. Ferdynand Werner -warsaw's pharmacis, published for the first time full analisys of water from Rotunda in 1832.
The city lost the city rights in 1869, it made a bad impact on development of the city. Aleksander Dobrzański- a doctor, became a new tenant between 80. i 90. XIX century. Since that time a health resort became one of the most important health resorts in the country. Aleksander Michalski- engineering geologist, made and launched 4 brand new drills. Thanks it Busko had three times more water for medicinal purposes. Franciszek Gervais showed exact characterisation of dynamics, physical features and chemical composition of waters from new water intake, in 1897.
After the First World War bathers began arrive to health resorts. Very intesive expansion of the health resort was in the interwar years , which was started by dr Szymon Starkiewicz, who founded children's sanatorium under name 'Górka'. Busko won the first place at competition for the pretties health resort in Poland, in 1966. 'WŁÓKNIARZ' - the biggest sanatorium was handed over in 1972. In 30 December 2008, was opening Uzdrowiskowy Zakład Górniczy "Las Winiarski". It gives busko's sanatorium waters of sulphide from brand new borehole, located in town named Las Winiarski.
At this time in Busko we have 13 sanatoriums, which offer 2066 roms for our bathers. During one year are being done half-milion treatments, 800 hundred of whole–sulphide bath. In Busko-Zdrój are being treated :cardiovascular disease, organ traffic, rheumatic diseases, orthopedic conditions, neurological conditions, dermatological disorders and children's cerebral palsy. The health resort is located in the south part of the city, near spa's park.